47 research outputs found
Matrix geometric approach for random walks: stability condition and equilibrium distribution
In this paper, we analyse a sub-class of two-dimensional homogeneous nearest
neighbour (simple) random walk restricted on the lattice using the matrix
geometric approach. In particular, we first present an alternative approach for
the calculation of the stability condition, extending the result of Neuts drift
conditions [30] and connecting it with the result of Fayolle et al. which is
based on Lyapunov functions [13]. Furthermore, we consider the sub-class of
random walks with equilibrium distributions given as series of product-forms
and, for this class of random walks, we calculate the eigenvalues and the
corresponding eigenvectors of the infinite matrix appearing in the
matrix geometric approach. This result is obtained by connecting and extending
three existing approaches available for such an analysis: the matrix geometric
approach, the compensation approach and the boundary value problem method. In
this paper, we also present the spectral properties of the infinite matrix
Short and long-term wind turbine power output prediction
In the wind energy industry, it is of great importance to develop models that
accurately forecast the power output of a wind turbine, as such predictions are
used for wind farm location assessment or power pricing and bidding,
monitoring, and preventive maintenance. As a first step, and following the
guidelines of the existing literature, we use the supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) data to model the wind turbine power curve (WTPC). We
explore various parametric and non-parametric approaches for the modeling of
the WTPC, such as parametric logistic functions, and non-parametric piecewise
linear, polynomial, or cubic spline interpolation functions. We demonstrate
that all aforementioned classes of models are rich enough (with respect to
their relative complexity) to accurately model the WTPC, as their mean squared
error (MSE) is close to the MSE lower bound calculated from the historical
data. We further enhance the accuracy of our proposed model, by incorporating
additional environmental factors that affect the power output, such as the
ambient temperature, and the wind direction. However, all aforementioned
models, when it comes to forecasting, seem to have an intrinsic limitation, due
to their inability to capture the inherent auto-correlation of the data. To
avoid this conundrum, we show that adding a properly scaled ARMA modeling layer
increases short-term prediction performance, while keeping the long-term
prediction capability of the model
Condition-based maintenance at both scheduled and unscheduled opportunities
Motivated by original equipment manufacturer (OEM) service and maintenance
practices we consider a single component subject to replacements at failure
instances and two types of preventive maintenance opportunities: scheduled,
which occur due to periodic system reviews of the equipment, and unscheduled,
which occur due to failures of other components in the system. Modelling the
state of the component appropriately and incorporating a realistic cost
structure for corrective maintenance as well as condition-based maintenance
(CBM), we derive the optimal CBM policy. In particular, we show that the
optimal long-run average cost policy for the model at hand is a control-limit
policy, where the control limit depends on the time until the next scheduled
opportunity. Furthermore, we explicitly calculate the long-run average cost for
any given control-limit time dependent policy and compare various policies
numerically.Comment: published at proceedings of the 9th IMA International Conference on
Modelling in Industrial Maintenance and Reliability (MIMAR), 201
Approximate performance analysis of generalized join the shortest queue routing
In this paper we propose a highly accurate approximate performance analysis
of a heterogeneous server system with a processor sharing service discipline
and a general job-size distribution under a generalized join the shortest queue
(GJSQ) routing protocol. The GJSQ routing protocol is a natural extension of
the well-known join the shortest queue routing policy that takes into account
the non-identical service rates in addition to the number of jobs at each
server. The performance metrics that are of interest here are the equilibrium
distribution and the mean and standard deviation of the number of jobs at each
server. We show that the latter metrics are near-insensitive to the job-size
distribution using simulation experiments. By applying a single queue
approximation we model each server as a single server queue with a
state-dependent arrival process, independent of other servers in the system,
and derive the distribution of the number of jobs at the server. These
state-dependent arrival rates are intended to capture the inherent correlation
between servers in the original system and behave in a rather atypical way.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures -- version 2 incorporates minor textual change
Steady-state analysis of shortest expected delay routing
We consider a queueing system consisting of two non-identical exponential
servers, where each server has its own dedicated queue and serves the customers
in that queue FCFS. Customers arrive according to a Poisson process and join
the queue promising the shortest expected delay, which is a natural and
near-optimal policy for systems with non-identical servers. This system can be
modeled as an inhomogeneous random walk in the quadrant. By stretching the
boundaries of the compensation approach we prove that the equilibrium
distribution of this random walk can be expressed as a series of product-forms
that can be determined recursively. The resulting series expression is directly
amenable for numerical calculations and it also provides insight in the
asymptotic behavior of the equilibrium probabilities as one of the state
coordinates tends to infinity.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figure
Perturbation analysis of two queues with random time-limited polling
Perturbation analysis has proven to be a fruitful technique in the analysis of several multidimensional Markov models. In order to successfully apply perturbation analysis, one must find an appropriate scaling parameter. This leaves the approach with a large degree of freedom. In this paper we explore the use of perturbation analysis to determine the stationary distribution of a specific polling model with random time-limited service. We discuss four candidate scaling approaches to analyze the polling model and describe the difficulties that must be overcome to construct a computationally feasible algorithm
Hidden Markov Models for wind farm power output
The reliability of the transmission grid is challenged by the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the grid. For model-based reliability studies, it is important to have suitable models available of renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. In this study, we investigate to what extent the power output of wind farms can be modeled with discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The parameters of the HMMs are inferred from measurement data from multiple turbines in a wind farm. We use these models both for individual turbine output and for total aggregated power output of multiple turbines. When modeling individual turbine output, the hidden process in the HMM is instrumental in capturing the dependencies between the output of the different turbines. It is important to account for these dependencies in order to correctly capture the upper quantiles (90%, 95%, 99%) of the distribution of the wind farm aggregated power output. We show that despite their simple structure, HMMs are able to reproduce important features of the power output of wind farms. This opens up possibilities to model and analyze these features with methods and techniques stemming from the field of Markov models and stochastic processes
Two queues with random time-limited polling
In this paper, we analyse a single server polling model with two queues. Customers arrive at the two queues according to two independent Poisson processes. There is a single server that serves both queues with generally distributed service times. The server spends an exponentially distributed amount of time in each queue. After the completion of this residing time, the server instantaneously switches to the other queue, i.e., there is no switch-over time. For this polling model we derive the steady-state marginal workload distribution, as well as heavy traffic and heavy tail asymptotic results. Furthermore, we also calculate the joint queue length distribution for the special case of exponentially distributed service times using singular perturbation analysis